How to Open a Company in Turkey: A Guide for Foreign Investors
Many foreign investors see Turkey as an attractive place to start a business. Its strategic location, large domestic market, and growing economy offer real opportunities. However, Turkish commercial law can differ significantly from the legal systems in other countries, so understanding the rules is essential before you begin.
If you are planning to open a company in Turkey, you should first understand the available company types, capital requirements, and legal obligations. This helps protect your interests and ensures your business operates in line with Turkish law.
Burcu Yılmaz Sayilgan Law Firm assists both Turkish and international clients with company formation and commercial legal matters, from incorporation to ongoing legal support.
Company Law in Turkey
Turkish company law regulates how businesses are formed, managed, and dissolved. All companies operating in Turkey must comply with the Turkish Commercial Code and related legislation.
These laws regulate areas such as:
Company formation and registration
Corporate governance rules
Rights and responsibilities of directors and shareholders
Capital and liability rules
Commercial contracts
Business disputes
Understanding these rules early can help prevent legal and financial issues later.
Types of Companies in Turkey
Turkey offers several types of legal business structures. The most common options for foreign investors are Limited Liability Companies and Joint Stock Companies.
The right structure depends on your investment size, future plans, and level of responsibility you wish to take on.
Limited Liability Company (Limited Şirket – “Ltd.”)
A limited liability company is one of the most popular choices for small and medium-sized businesses in Turkey.
Key features include:
One or more shareholders may establish the company
Shareholder liability is generally limited to capital contributions
The company can often be set up within a short time
Formation may be completed remotely with proper authorisation
A maximum of 50 shareholders is allowed
The minimum capital requirement is 10,000 TRY, which must be paid in full.
Although liability is limited, shareholders may still be responsible for certain public debts, such as unpaid taxes, in proportion to their shareholding.
Joint Stock Company (Anonim Şirket – “A.Ş.”)
A joint stock company is often chosen for larger businesses or companies planning to attract investors.
This structure offers a more formal governance system and greater flexibility for share transfers.
Key points include:
Shareholders are liable only up to the value of their shares
Shares can be transferred more easily than in limited companies
A board of directors manages the company
The minimum capital requirement is 50,000 TRY. At least 25% of this amount must be paid before registration, with the remainder payable within 24 months, as stated in the articles of association.
How to Open a Company in Turkey
Opening a company in Turkey is usually straightforward when the correct legal steps are followed. Foreign nationals often benefit from legal guidance, especially if they are unfamiliar with Turkish law or do not speak the language.
The process generally includes:
Preparing the Articles of Association
Choosing the company type and capital structure
Registering the company name with the Trade Registry
Depositing the required share capital
Submitting identification and corporate documents
Completing registration with the Trade Registry
Obtaining any required licences or permits
Once registration is complete, the company becomes a legal entity and may begin operating.
Company Disputes, Risks, and Legal Support
Disputes can arise at any stage of a company’s operation. Clear documentation and proper legal guidance help reduce these risks.
Common issues include:
Disagreements between shareholders
Contract breaches
Tax and public debt obligations
Licensing or regulatory compliance problems
Management or governance disputes
Early legal advice can help businesses resolve issues efficiently and avoid escalation.
Legal Support for Company Formation in Turkey
Burcu Yılmaz Sayilgan is an English-speaking lawyer based in Fethiye who advises clients on Turkish commercial law.
Her firm supports both foreign and Turkish clients with:
Company formation in Turkey
Corporate governance and compliance
Shareholder and director matters
Commercial disputes
Ongoing legal advice
Legal services are provided throughout the Muğla region, including Fethiye, Göcek, Seydikemer, Kalkan, Dalyan, Bodrum, and Ortaca.
If you would like more information on the legal sectors we cover or commercial law in Turkey, please contact Burcu Yılmaz Sayılgan Law Firm at +90 533 392 6556 or visit our website at https://burcuyilmaz.av.tr/
Further Reading and Legal Resources
For more information on legal topics in Turkey, explore these related articles:
